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Topic · Immunology

Immune Response and Inflammation

Immune Response and Inflammation is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 76k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the recognition and signaling pathways of innate immunity, particularly through Toll-like receptors and pattern recognition receptors. It explores the role of these receptors in pathogen recognition, inflammation, antiviral responses, and the regulation of adaptive immunity. The cluster also delves into the molecular mechanisms and mediators involved in innate immune responses.

  • Toll-like Receptors
  • Pattern Recognition Receptors
  • Inflammation
  • Innate Antiviral Responses
  • Cytokine-Mediated Link
  • Pathogen Recognition
  • NOD-Like Receptors
  • Endotoxin Hyporesponsiveness
  • DAMPs
  • Adaptive Immunity Regulation
Research works
76k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
7.5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-12%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
44% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Immune Response and Inflammation

Which countries lead Immune Response and Inflammation research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (2.8k and 1.7k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 2.8k works
  2. 2 United States 1.7k works
  3. 3 Germany 369 works
  4. 4 Japan 346 works
  5. 5 India 249 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 212 works
  7. 7 South Korea 208 works
  8. 8 France 204 works
  9. 9 Russia 180 works
  10. 10 Italy 156 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 43.6%United States: 26.0%Germany: 5.8%Japan: 5.4%6 others listed: 19.1%44%largest
China2,769 · 43.6%United States1,653 · 26.0%Germany369 · 5.8%Japan346 · 5.4%6 others listed1,210 · 19.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immune Response and Inflammation research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Immune Response and Inflammation research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sichuan University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 72 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 61 works
  3. 3 Sichuan UniversityChina 59 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 56 works
  5. 5 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 55 works
  6. 6 Zhejiang UniversityChina 55 works
  7. 7 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 51 works
  8. 8 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 49 works
  9. 9 Capital Medical UniversityChina 46 works
  10. 10 Fudan UniversityChina 44 works

Who are the leading researchers in Immune Response and Inflammation?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Immune Response and Inflammation include Eric S. Lander, Rob Knight and George Davey Smith.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
  3. 3 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  4. 4 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  5. 5 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  6. 6 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  7. 7 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  8. 8 Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta Pakistan 371k citations
  9. 9 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  10. 10 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Immune Response and Inflammation?

The most cited paper in Immune Response and Inflammation is "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)" (Mervyn Singer, Clifford Scott Deutschman, Christopher W. Seymour et al., 2016), with 29,012 citations. Next come "Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity" (12,064) and "Heat Shock Protein A12B Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice" (10,709).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) Mervyn Singer, Clifford Scott Deutschman, Christopher W. Seymour et al. · JAMA Open access 22 Feb 2016 29,012
2 Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi · Cell Open access Feb 2006 12,064
3 Heat Shock Protein A12B Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Yi Chen, Lei Wang, Qiuxiang Kang et al. · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Open access 2017 10,709
4 The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira · Nature Immunology 20 Apr 2010 9,343
5 Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira · Cell Open access Mar 2010 8,914
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Immune Response and Inflammation research done?

The largest centres of Immune Response and Inflammation research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Nanjing (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Bethesda.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 322 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 213 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 195 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 113 works
  5. 5 WuhanChina 112 works
  6. 6 HangzhouChina 109 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 92 works
  8. 8 ParisFrance 88 works
  9. 9 ChengduChina 87 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 87 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BethesdaUS · 49.2 works5.1×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Immune Response and Inflammation than the world average.

See Immune Response and Inflammation on the map

Where is the best place to study Immune Response and Inflammation?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Sichuan University and Southern Medical University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 16.04%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Sichuan UniversityHarvard UniversitySouthern Medical Uni…Sun Yat-sen University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 73.717.0%3.2×72 -23.6%
2Sichuan UniversityChina 71.420.6%3.7×59 +46.4%
3Southern Medical UniversityChina 63.315.6%9.8×43 +30.8%
4Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 60.813.7%3.8×55 +15.8%
5Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 60.216.1%2.7×56 +4.1%
6Trinity College DublinIreland 59.020.7%4.3×13 -17.3%
7Zhejiang UniversityChina 58.115.8%2.9×55 -6.8%
8Cornell UniversityUnited States 57.217.1%2.3×22 -6.0%
9Capital Medical UniversityChina 56.911.2%6.1×46 +24.4%
10Chongqing Medical UniversityChina 56.012.6%9.0×36 +24.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Immune Response and Inflammation, country by country

Is Immune Response and Inflammation research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 12% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2013.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Immune Response and Inflammation as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.030% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Immune Response and Inflammation0.031% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Immune Response and Inflammation over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Immune Response and Inflammation9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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