interferon and immune responses

interferon and immune responses is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 35k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the innate immune response to viral infection, particularly the role of pattern recognition receptors such as RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathway in detecting viral nucleic acids and activating antiviral signaling. It also explores the mechanisms of interferon signaling, immune sensing of DNA and RNA viruses, and the regulation of antiviral responses.

Innate Immunity
Viral Infection
Interferon Signaling
Pattern Recognition Receptors
cGAS-STING Pathway
RIG-I-like Receptors
Antiviral Response
Type I Interferons
Immune Sensing
Inflammatory Disease

Research works: 35k
In the world top 10%: 3.5k
Top-10% rate: 10.0%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: +36%
Largest producer: China

interferon and immune responses

Which countries lead interferon and immune responses research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (4.1k and 2.1k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 China 4.1k works
2 United States 2.1k works
3 Germany 301 works
4 Japan 253 works
5 India 240 works
6 United Kingdom 235 works
7 France 205 works
8 South Korea 194 works
9 Canada 174 works
10 Italy 142 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China4,079 · 51.6%United States2,082 · 26.3%Germany301 · 3.8%Japan253 · 3.2%6 others listed1,189 · 15.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead interferon and immune responses research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most interferon and immune responses research, followed by Sun Yat-sen University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

By volume, 2022-now

1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 145 works
2 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 109 works
3 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 92 works
4 Harvard UniversityUnited States 91 works
5 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 84 works
6 Zhejiang UniversityChina 81 works
7 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 74 works
8 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 72 works
9 Wuhan UniversityChina 71 works
10 Fudan UniversityChina 71 works

Who are the leading researchers in interferon and immune responses?

The most-cited researchers publishing on interferon and immune responses include Eric S. Lander, Mark J. Daly and Guido Kroemer.

1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
2 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
3 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
4 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
5 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations
6 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations
7 Jun Wang China 340k citations
8 Matthias Mann Germany 308k citations
9 Róbert Langer United States 303k citations
10 Robert A. Weinberg United States 301k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in interferon and immune responses?

The most cited paper in interferon and immune responses is "Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity" (Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi, 2006), with 12,064 citations. Next come "The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors" (9,343) and "Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation" (8,914).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi · Cell Open access	Feb 2006	12,064
2	The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira · Nature Immunology	20 Apr 2010	9,343
3	Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira · Cell Open access	Mar 2010	8,914
4	The Inflammasome Fabio Martinon, Kimberly Burns, Jürg Tschopp · Molecular Cell Open access	Aug 2002	6,126
5	The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival Jerry M. Adams, Suzanne Cory · Science	28 Aug 1998	5,380

All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is interferon and immune responses research done?

The largest centres of interferon and immune responses research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Guangzhou (China), Shanghai (China) and Wuhan (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Yangzhou.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 BeijingChina 508 works
2 GuangzhouChina 332 works
3 ShanghaiChina 332 works
4 WuhanChina 216 works
5 NanjingChina 168 works
6 HangzhouChina 149 works
7 JinanChina 135 works
8 ChangshaChina 127 works
9 New YorkUnited States 103 works
10 ParisFrance 103 works

Where it is the local speciality

YangzhouCN · 39.6 works6.8×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in interferon and immune responses than the world average.

See interferon and immune responses on the map

Where is the best place to study interferon and immune responses?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Wuhan University and Sun Yat-sen University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Harvard UniversityUnited States	82.7	16.7%	3.6×	91	+26.5%
2	Wuhan UniversityChina	73.7	17.3%	6.3×	71	+36.2%
3	Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina	73.5	15.9%	6.7×	109	+78.1%
4	Zhejiang UniversityChina	71.7	17.3%	3.8×	81	+88.9%
5	Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina	69.0	15.6%	4.0×	92	+81.6%
6	Sichuan UniversityChina	68.6	19.0%	3.4×	61	+153.0%
7	Nanjing Medical UniversityChina	67.8	16.9%	8.6×	60	+60.2%
8	Fudan UniversityChina	65.0	13.4%	5.7×	71	+79.2%
9	Peking UniversityChina	64.6	14.5%	3.5×	56	+73.9%
10	Rockefeller UniversityUnited States	63.6	13.0%	22.9×	11	+62.4%
11	China Pharmaceutical UniversityChina	62.9	18.3%	14.8×	26	+165.0%
12	Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina	62.8	11.2%	8.6×	72	+113.9%
13	Nanjing UniversityChina	62.2	23.8%	2.8×	20	+51.1%
14	Tongji UniversityChina	61.6	17.7%	2.6×	32	+63.6%
15	Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina	61.3	15.5%	3.8×	54	+166.7%
16	Southern Medical UniversityChina	61.0	12.9%	10.9×	54	+132.6%
17	Shandong UniversityChina	61.0	15.9%	3.8×	39	+94.8%
18	Wenzhou Medical UniversityChina	61.0	15.6%	9.6×	38	+112.3%
19	Central South UniversityChina	60.9	13.5%	4.1×	62	+78.9%
20	University of PennsylvaniaUnited States	60.8	16.6%	3.7×	31	+43.1%
21	Soochow UniversityChina	60.5	13.0%	6.6×	51	+64.3%
22	Guangzhou Medical UniversityChina	59.8	13.7%	13.1×	38	+124.2%
23	University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina	59.8	19.9%	2.1×	19	+234.3%
24	University of California San DiegoUnited States	58.8	12.9%	2.9×	23	+14.6%
25	University of ChicagoUnited States	58.8	19.4%	2.2×	15	+28.3%
26	University of Hong KongChina	58.4	15.9%	2.5×	19	+19.7%
27	University of MichiganUnited States	58.0	13.2%	2.5×	30	+43.0%
28	Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States	57.6	16.3%	1.6×	9	+38.4%
29	University of California, Los AngelesUnited States	57.0	14.4%	2.4×	22	+73.5%
30	Tsinghua UniversityChina	56.9	16.5%	1.7×	32	+99.6%
31	Yale UniversityUnited States	56.1	12.2%	2.5×	22	+4.0%
32	University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolUnited States	56.0	14.1%	10.4×	14	+3.1%
33	Fujian Medical UniversityChina	55.8	12.8%	8.4×	36	+106.4%
34	University of WashingtonUnited States	55.0	15.7%	1.8×	16	+16.2%
35	Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States	54.5	9.1%	3.1×	38	+13.4%
36	University of CologneGermany	54.5	25.9%	2.6×	9	-5.8%
37	Trinity College DublinIreland	53.7	11.3%	3.6×	12	+39.4%
38	Harbin Medical UniversityChina	53.5	12.2%	12.7×	34	+41.7%
39	University of BonnGermany	53.4	10.8%	3.5×	13	+31.1%
40	Anhui Medical UniversityChina	53.0	10.2%	10.3×	38	+88.8%
41	Shandong First Medical UniversityChina	51.5	10.0%	11.6×	27	+222.3%
42	University of OxfordUnited Kingdom	49.0	13.3%	2.1×	24	-21.8%
43	University of GroningenNetherlands	48.9	19.9%	1.6×	8	+9.6%
44	Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineChina	48.2	10.7%	10.9×	22	+551.4%
45	National University of SingaporeSingapore	46.9	14.5%	1.6×	16	-8.8%
46	Ghent UniversityBelgium	46.2	11.5%	1.6×	10	-26.2%
47	Guangxi Medical UniversityChina	43.2	9.6%	10.0×	20	+99.5%
48	Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom	41.4	17.5%	1.2×	9	-29.6%
49	University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom	39.5	12.4%	1.6×	15	-19.1%
50	Karolinska InstitutetSweden	37.3	7.5%	3.1×	14	-3.4%
51	University College LondonUnited Kingdom	35.3	12.2%	0.9×	12	-23.1%
52	University of ZurichSwitzerland	32.2	6.2%	1.8×	10	-26.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in interferon and immune responses, country by country

Is interferon and immune responses research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 36% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are interferon and immune responses.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is interferon and immune responses as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.034% in 2024.

Fractional works of interferon and immune responses over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

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Which countries lead interferon and immune responses research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead interferon and immune responses research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in interferon and immune responses?

What are the most cited papers in interferon and immune responses?

Where is interferon and immune responses research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study interferon and immune responses?

Is interferon and immune responses research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Discussion