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Topic · Immunology

Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders

Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 45k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders, including immune dysregulation, Th17 cell deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, and defects in the interferon-? pathway. It also discusses the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoglobulin replacement therapy in the management of these disorders.

  • Primary Immunodeficiency
  • Genetic Mutations
  • Immune Dysregulation
  • Human Inborn Errors
  • Th17 Cell Deficiency
  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Interferon-? Pathway Defects
  • B Cell Abnormalities
  • Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy
Research works
45k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4.5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+5%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
37% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders

Which countries lead Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.8k and 730 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.8k works
  2. 2 China 730 works
  3. 3 Germany 339 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 338 works
  5. 5 Japan 318 works
  6. 6 Italy 313 works
  7. 7 France 309 works
  8. 8 India 289 works
  9. 9 Spain 257 works
  10. 10 Türkiye 191 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 37.4%China: 14.8%Germany: 6.9%United Kingdom: 6.9%6 others listed: 34.0%37%largest
United States1,843 · 37.4%China730 · 14.8%Germany339 · 6.9%United Kingdom338 · 6.9%6 others listed1,677 · 34.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research, followed by National Institutes of Health and Inserm.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 89 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 82 works
  3. 3 InsermFrance 53 works
  4. 4 Mayo ClinicUnited States 45 works
  5. 5 Université Paris CitéFrance 40 works
  6. 6 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 38 works
  7. 7 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 33 works
  8. 8 Capital Medical UniversityChina 32 works
  9. 9 University of TorontoCanada 31 works
  10. 10 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 29 works

Who are the leading researchers in Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders include Eric S. Lander, Mark J. Daly and Stacey L. Gabriel.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  3. 3 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  4. 4 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  5. 5 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  6. 6 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
  7. 7 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations
  8. 8 Jun Wang China 340k citations
  9. 9 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  10. 10 Matthias Egger Switzerland 326k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders?

The most cited paper in Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders is "Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells" (Estelle Bettelli, Yijun Carrier, Wenda Gao et al., 2006), with 7,030 citations. Next come "A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease" (5,051) and "IL-17 and Th17 Cells" (4,889).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells Estelle Bettelli, Yijun Carrier, Wenda Gao et al. · Nature 30 Apr 2006 7,030
2 A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease Yasunori Ogura, Denise K. Bonen, Naohiro Inohara et al. · Nature Open access May 2001 5,051
3 IL-17 and Th17 Cells Thomas Korn, Estelle Bettelli, Mohamed Oukka et al. · Annual Review of Immunology Review 8 Jan 2009 4,889
4 IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation Claire L. Langrish, Yi Chen, Wendy M. Blumenschein et al. · The Journal of Experimental Medicine Open access 17 Jan 2005 4,112
5 Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute–Working Group 1996 guidelines Michael J. Hallek, Bruce D. Cheson, Daniel Catovsky et al. · Blood Open access 23 Jan 2008 3,806
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research done?

The largest centres of Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research in 2022-now are Paris (France), Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom) and New York (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Bethesda and Freiburg.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 ParisFrance 150 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 136 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 117 works
  4. 4 New YorkUnited States 109 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 93 works
  6. 6 BethesdaUnited States 86 works
  7. 7 MoscowRussia 81 works
  8. 8 BostonUnited States 79 works
  9. 9 MadridSpain 77 works
  10. 10 RomeItaly 70 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BethesdaUS · 85.9 works10×
  2. FreiburgDE · 23.6 works5.4×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders than the world average.

See Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders on the map

Where is the best place to study Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Université Paris Cité and Rockefeller University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 19.82%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Rockefeller UniversityRadboud University N…Harvard UniversityUniversité Paris Cité
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 72.019.7%4.5×89 -0.5%
2Université Paris CitéFrance 62.316.8%8.5×40 +22.4%
3Rockefeller UniversityUnited States 62.027.6%21.6×8 +21.9%
4Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands 55.027.4%4.2×16 +6.0%
5Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 53.411.3%4.0×38 +29.8%
6Karolinska InstitutetSweden 53.219.6%7.0×25 -19.3%
7University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 50.622.1%1.6×14 +11.3%
8University College LondonUnited Kingdom 50.316.9%3.3×33 -13.8%
9University of OsloNorway 47.226.5%2.4×9 -2.8%
10Stanford UniversityUnited States 46.910.3%2.5×23 +19.4%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders, country by country

Is Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 5% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.029% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders0.030% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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