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Topic · Immunology

Immune Cell Function and Interaction

Immune Cell Function and Interaction is a research topic within Immunology. Science Explorer counts 112k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the role of natural killer (NK) cells in immunity, including their recognition mechanisms, activation, education, development, and potential for therapy. It covers topics such as NK cell receptors, immune inhibitory receptors, NKG2D immunoreceptor, and the use of NK cells in immunotherapy.

  • Natural Killer Cells
  • NK Cell Recognition
  • Immune Inhibitory Receptors
  • NKG2D Immunoreceptor
  • NK Cell Activation
  • NK Cell Education
  • NK Cell Therapy
  • NK Cell Receptors
  • NK Cell Development
  • NK Cell Immunotherapy
Research works
112k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
11k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-3%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
36% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Immune Cell Function and Interaction

Which countries lead Immune Cell Function and Interaction research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (4.3k and 3.6k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 4.3k works
  2. 2 China 3.6k works
  3. 3 Germany 763 works
  4. 4 Japan 699 works
  5. 5 France 530 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 506 works
  7. 7 South Korea 380 works
  8. 8 Italy 368 works
  9. 9 India 344 works
  10. 10 Canada 315 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 36.1%China: 30.9%Germany: 6.5%Japan: 5.9%6 others listed: 20.7%36%largest
United States4,255 · 36.1%China3,644 · 30.9%Germany763 · 6.5%Japan699 · 5.9%6 others listed2,442 · 20.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immune Cell Function and Interaction research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Immune Cell Function and Interaction research, followed by National Institutes of Health and Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 234 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 174 works
  3. 3 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 120 works
  4. 4 InsermFrance 111 works
  5. 5 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 109 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 103 works
  7. 7 Peking UniversityChina 96 works
  8. 8 Zhejiang UniversityChina 95 works
  9. 9 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 93 works
  10. 10 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 83 works

Who are the leading researchers in Immune Cell Function and Interaction?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Immune Cell Function and Interaction include Eric S. Lander, Rob Knight and George Davey Smith.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
  3. 3 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  4. 4 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  5. 5 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  6. 6 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  7. 7 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  8. 8 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  9. 9 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
  10. 10 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Immune Cell Function and Interaction?

The most cited paper in Immune Cell Function and Interaction is "Simple Combinations of Lineage-Determining Transcription Factors Prime cis-Regulatory Elements Required for Macrophage and B Cell Identities" (Sven Heinz, Christopher W. Benner, Nathanael J. Spann et al., 2010), with 14,980 citations. Next come "Dendritic cells and the control of immunity" (14,440) and "The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy" (14,033).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Simple Combinations of Lineage-Determining Transcription Factors Prime cis-Regulatory Elements Required for Macrophage and B Cell Identities Sven Heinz, Christopher W. Benner, Nathanael J. Spann et al. · Molecular Cell Open access May 2010 14,980
2 Dendritic cells and the control of immunity Jacques Banchereau, Ralph M. Steinman · Nature Mar 1998 14,440
3 The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy Drew M. Pardoll · Nature reviews. Cancer ReviewOpen access 22 Mar 2012 14,033
4 Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi · Cell Open access Feb 2006 12,064
5 COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Puja Mehta, Daniel Francis McAuley, Michael Brown et al. · The Lancet Open access Mar 2020 10,244
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Immune Cell Function and Interaction research done?

The largest centres of Immune Cell Function and Interaction research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Kirov and Hualien City.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 511 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 343 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 291 works
  4. 4 ParisFrance 258 works
  5. 5 New YorkUnited States 202 works
  6. 6 HangzhouChina 193 works
  7. 7 SeoulSouth Korea 192 works
  8. 8 LondonUnited Kingdom 189 works
  9. 9 BethesdaUnited States 165 works
  10. 10 WuhanChina 165 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. KirovRU · 32.3 works33×
  2. Hualien CityTW · 24.1 works13×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Immune Cell Function and Interaction than the world average.

See Immune Cell Function and Interaction on the map

Where is the best place to study Immune Cell Function and Interaction?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Rockefeller University and Zhejiang University score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 17.41%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Rockefeller UniversityHarvard UniversitySun Yat-sen UniversityZhejiang University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.918.3%5.7×234 -13.9%
2Rockefeller UniversityUnited States 66.324.7%16.3×13 +24.9%
3Zhejiang UniversityChina 60.517.2%2.8×95 +69.9%
4Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 59.417.5%4.1×109 +10.1%
5Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 59.214.0%3.2×120 +45.2%
6Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 56.927.4%1.7×16 -6.0%
7Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 56.212.2%6.9×93 +50.5%
8University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 55.914.9%3.8×56 +32.7%
9Washington University in St. LouisUnited States 55.810.4%7.8×72 +3.1%
10University of California, San FranciscoUnited States 54.717.5%5.6×52 -26.5%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Immune Cell Function and Interaction, country by country

Is Immune Cell Function and Interaction research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 3% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2022.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Immune Cell Function and Interaction as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.066% in 2024.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Immune Cell Function and Interaction0.056% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Immune Cell Function and Interaction over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Immune Cell Function and Interaction9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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