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Topic · Computer Science Applications

Teaching and Learning Programming

Teaching and Learning Programming is a research topic within Computer Science Applications. Science Explorer counts 28k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on computational thinking in education, including topics such as programming education, educational robotics, the maker movement, learning analytics, gender differences in computer science education, tangible interfaces for learning, and the integration of computational thinking into K-12 curriculum. The papers explore various strategies to promote computational thinking skills and engagement in STEM education among students of different ages and backgrounds.

  • Computational Thinking
  • Programming Education
  • Educational Robotics
  • Maker Movement
  • Learning Analytics
  • Gender Differences
  • Tangible Interfaces
  • STEM Education
  • K-12 Curriculum
  • Scratch Programming
Research works
28k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+26%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
48% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Teaching and Learning Programming

Which countries lead Teaching and Learning Programming research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (2.5k and 550 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 2.5k works
  2. 2 China 550 works
  3. 3 Indonesia 419 works
  4. 4 Brazil 324 works
  5. 5 Germany 290 works
  6. 6 Türkiye 256 works
  7. 7 India 237 works
  8. 8 United Kingdom 230 works
  9. 9 Spain 187 works
  10. 10 Canada 183 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 47.9%China: 10.7%Indonesia: 8.2%Brazil: 6.3%6 others listed: 26.9%48%largest
United States2,458 · 47.9%China550 · 10.7%Indonesia419 · 8.2%Brazil324 · 6.3%6 others listed1,383 · 26.9%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Teaching and Learning Programming research?

By volume in 2022-now, North Carolina State University publishes the most Teaching and Learning Programming research, followed by University of Florida and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 North Carolina State UniversityUnited States 44 works
  2. 2 University of FloridaUnited States 43 works
  3. 3 University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States 42 works
  4. 4 University of MichiganUnited States 37 works
  5. 5 University of WashingtonUnited States 34 works
  6. 6 Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States 32 works
  7. 7 Indonesia University of EducationIndonesia 31 works
  8. 8 University of California San DiegoUnited States 30 works
  9. 9 Education University of Hong KongChina 30 works
  10. 10 Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States 29 works

Who are the leading researchers in Teaching and Learning Programming?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Teaching and Learning Programming include Jürgen Schmidhuber, Herbert A. Simon and Kalyanmoy Deb.

  1. 1 Jürgen Schmidhuber Switzerland 188k citations
  2. 2 Herbert A. Simon United States 179k citations
  3. 3 Kalyanmoy Deb United States 171k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Teaching and Learning Programming?

The most cited paper in Teaching and Learning Programming is "Computational thinking" (Jeannette M. Wing, 2006), with 7,395 citations. Next come "What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy" (6,681) and "Case-Based Reasoning" (4,251).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Computational thinking Jeannette M. Wing · Communications of the ACM Open access Mar 2006 7,395
2 What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy James Paul Gee · Education + Training Open access May 2004 6,681
3 Case-Based Reasoning Janet L. Kolodner · Cambridge University Press eBooks Book chapter 24 Apr 2005 4,251
4 Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards through Classroom Assessment Paul J Black, Dylan Wiliam · Phi Delta Kappan Sep 2010 4,228
5 An axiomatic basis for computer programming C. A. R. Hoare · Communications of the ACM Open access Oct 1969 3,964
All 97 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Teaching and Learning Programming research done?

The largest centres of Teaching and Learning Programming research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), New York (United States), Atlanta (United States) and Tokyo (Japan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Tai Po and Logan.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 77 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 61 works
  3. 3 AtlantaUnited States 53 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 53 works
  5. 5 BandungIndonesia 53 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 52 works
  7. 7 MadridSpain 51 works
  8. 8 Washington D.C.United States 50 works
  9. 9 UrbanaUnited States 49 works
  10. 10 TaipeiTaiwan 48 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Tai PoCN · 30.1 works25×
  2. LoganUS · 22.1 works14×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Teaching and Learning Programming than the world average.

See Teaching and Learning Programming on the map

Where is the best place to study Teaching and Learning Programming?

Among universities, judged by research, Education University of Hong Kong, University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 27.18%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Education University…Chinese University o…University of Hong K…University of Auckland
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Education University of Hong KongChina 90.045.9%29.7×30 +165.0%
2University of Hong KongChina 85.542.1%4.3×28 +256.8%
3Chinese University of Hong KongChina 75.544.0%3.4×17 +252.1%
4University of AucklandNew Zealand 66.827.9%6.3×24 +21.9%
5University of WashingtonUnited States 64.921.9%4.2×34 +39.8%
6University of Eastern FinlandFinland 64.228.9%11.8×18 +93.6%
7Aarhus UniversityDenmark 61.429.0%3.0×18 +22.1%
8University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States 61.39.5%7.0×42 +103.4%
9Georgia Institute of TechnologyUnited States 60.48.1%7.4×32 +22.2%
10University of California San DiegoUnited States 59.914.5%4.4×30 +24.8%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Teaching and Learning Programming, country by country

Is Teaching and Learning Programming research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 26% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Teaching and Learning Programming.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Teaching and Learning Programming as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.037% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Teaching and Learning Programming0.038% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Teaching and Learning Programming over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Teaching and Learning Programming10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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