Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Compare · Countries

Indonesia vs Panama

On research quality in 2022-now, Indonesia ranks #65 in the world and Panama #67, of 189 countries. Indonesia stands higher in 21 of the 26 fields both publish in, Panama in 5.

Research profiles alike: 0.72very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

Compare other countries
vs

Indonesia

World rank, 2022-now
#65
#66 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.6M
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
86%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Human Factors and Ergonomics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Demography.

Panama

World rank, 2022-now
#67
#65 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.5k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
72%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Computer Science Applications.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Indonesia leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate and open access. Panama leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Indonesia 41 level4 Panama
  1. #65Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#67
  2. 0.48×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.82×
  3. 1.6MOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.5k
  4. 7.4%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.7%
  5. 2.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work13.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 86%Open accessof its works free to read, all time72%
  8. 4%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time26%
  9. +65%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+92%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Indonesia stands higher in 21 of 26 fields, Panama in 5. Indonesia leads most in Business, Management and Accounting (#33 against #73); Panama leads most in Medicine (#64 against #129). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Indonesia 215 Panama
  1. #59Agricultural and Biological Sciences#61
  2. #53Arts and Humanities-
  3. #96Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#59
  4. #33Business, Management and Accounting#73
  5. #41Chemical Engineering-
  6. #60Chemistry-
  7. #64Computer Science#82
  8. #64Decision Sciences-
  9. #59Dentistry-
  10. #62Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  11. #59Economics, Econometrics and Finance#67
  12. #70Energy-
  13. #87Engineering#76
  14. #74Environmental Science#53
  15. #51Health Professions#56
  16. #69Immunology and Microbiology-
  17. #73Materials Science-
  18. #67Mathematics-
  19. #129Medicine#64
  20. #67Neuroscience-
  21. #56Nursing-
  22. #40Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #63Physics and Astronomy-
  24. #92Psychology#69
  25. #27Social Sciences#56
  26. #28Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Indonesia rankPanama rank Indonesia top 10%Panama top 10% Indonesia worksPanama works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #59 #61 6.7% 6.5% 125k 526
Arts and Humanities #53 - 7.9% - 36k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #96 #59 1.9% 7.0% 13k 217
Business, Management and Accounting #33 #73 7.6% 5.4% 182k 358
Chemical Engineering #41 - 2.7% - 663 -
Chemistry #60 - 2.4% - 4.6k -
Computer Science #64 #82 8.1% 6.7% 176k 589
Decision Sciences #64 - 2.8% - 11k -
Dentistry #59 - 1.6% - 2.7k -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #62 - 2.4% - 7.4k -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #59 #67 7.0% 5.9% 40k 271
Energy #70 - 2.6% - 3.4k -
Engineering #87 #76 3.5% 4.6% 75k 234
Environmental Science #74 #53 6.3% 7.6% 55k 509
Health Professions #51 #56 7.9% 4.9% 68k 288
Immunology and Microbiology #69 - 2.0% - 2.6k -
Materials Science #73 - 2.9% - 9k -
Mathematics #67 - 7.9% - 16k -
Medicine #129 #64 5.2% 4.3% 95k 895
Neuroscience #67 - 1.9% - 2.5k -
Nursing #56 - 2.0% - 5.6k -
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #40 - 3.1% - 2.8k -
Physics and Astronomy #63 - 3.7% - 1.6k -
Psychology #92 #69 5.0% 6.7% 31k 258
Social Sciences #27 #56 8.8% 8.6% 613k 1.8k
Veterinary #28 - 3.2% - 313 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Indonesia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Community Empowerment148k▲ 12×16 topics
  2. Social Media117k▲ 4.9×41 topics
  3. E-Learning112k▲ 6.7×27 topics
  4. Character Education108k▲ 13×6 topics
  5. Educational Technology107k▲ 5.2×48 topics
  6. Media Literacy106k▲ 12×6 topics
  7. Local Wisdom105k▲ 13×9 topics
  8. Indonesia97k▲ 13×5 topics
  9. Curriculum Development95k▲ 8.1×20 topics
  10. E-commerce94k▲ 9.6×11 topics
  11. Digital Literacy90k▲ 9.1×13 topics
  12. Education88k▲ 3.0×161 topics
  13. Financial Performance86k▲ 8.8×16 topics
  14. Digital Learning84k▲ 9.6×13 topics
  15. Sustainable Development84k▲ 3.1×113 topics
  16. COVID-1983k▲ 3.7×34 topics
  17. Qualitative Research83k▲ 5.6×45 topics
  18. Pandemic81k▲ 4.7×14 topics
  19. Online Learning80k▲ 5.6×27 topics
  20. Corporate Governance79k▲ 6.2×32 topics
  21. Economic Impact76k▲ 8.2×13 topics
  22. Islamic Banking71k▲ 11×3 topics
  23. Supply Chain Management65k▲ 4.2×27 topics
  24. SMEs64k▲ 11×5 topics
  25. Islamic Education64k▲ 11×4 topics
  26. STEM Education64k▲ 8.1×16 topics
  27. Digital Marketing63k▲ 9.4×6 topics
  28. UMKM62k▲ 13×1 topic
  29. Mobile Learning61k▲ 10×6 topics
  30. Health Education61k▲ 8.1×11 topics
  31. Information Technology53k▲ 6.4×32 topics
  32. Learning Outcomes52k▲ 7.2×9 topics
  33. Pandemic Response47k▲ 12×3 topics
  34. Information Literacy46k▲ 10×4 topics
  35. Reading Interest45k▲ 13×1 topic
  36. School Literacy Movement45k▲ 13×1 topic
  37. Customer Satisfaction45k▲ 8.1×10 topics
  38. Community Participation44k▲ 7.2×19 topics
  39. Public Health Policy42k▲ 9.3×4 topics
  40. Breastfeeding42k▲ 11×3 topics

Panama

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education1,073▲ 8.1×78 topics
  2. Innovation593▲ 7.4×42 topics
  3. E-Learning508▲ 6.8×17 topics
  4. Educational Technology483▲ 5.3×36 topics
  5. Climate Change475▲ 2.2×100 topics
  6. Sustainability460▲ 2.4×91 topics
  7. Pedagogy438▲ 11×17 topics
  8. Competitiveness414▲ 67×6 topics
  9. COVID-19402▲ 4.0×28 topics
  10. Teacher Training400▲ 8.4×20 topics
  11. Globalization397▲ 2.6×85 topics
  12. Digital Marketing392▲ 13×6 topics
  13. Distance Learning361▲ 13×10 topics
  14. Knowledge Management357▲ 8.3×22 topics
  15. Small and Medium Enterprises329▲ 24×8 topics
  16. Social Responsibility329▲ 18×10 topics
  17. Digital Divide311▲ 16×8 topics
  18. Digital Competence308▲ 45×3 topics
  19. Online Education307▲ 20×4 topics
  20. ICT306▲ 29×4 topics
  21. Virtual Teaching304▲ 73×1 topic
  22. Innovation Ecosystems277▲ 35×2 topics
  23. Inclusive Education275▲ 9.8×15 topics
  24. Urban Development271▲ 9.9×15 topics
  25. Economic Impact269▲ 6.5×9 topics
  26. Globalization Effects252▲ 47×2 topics
  27. Tourism Management252▲ 47×2 topics
  28. City Branding250▲ 52×1 topic
  29. Psychopharmacology Education250▲ 52×1 topic
  30. Technology250▲ 6.2×20 topics
  31. Social Impact239▲ 7.9×14 topics
  32. Communication228▲ 9.3×16 topics
  33. Teacher Development221▲ 46×2 topics
  34. Educational Leadership218▲ 22×4 topics
  35. Student Performance216▲ 26×4 topics
  36. Organizational Commitment216▲ 14×5 topics
  37. Curriculum Design216▲ 40×2 topics
  38. Quality Education214▲ 77×1 topic
  39. School Culture214▲ 77×1 topic
  40. Informal Learning212▲ 21×5 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Indonesia has out-published Panama every year since 1980.

still counting200k400k600kIndonesia417k in 2025Panama2,375 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting5.0%10%Indonesia7.1% in 2025Panama0.040% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Indonesia7.0% in 2025Panama6.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Indonesia 32 level0 Panama
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 1In the top 5000
  4. 14In the top 1,0000
  5. #19Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Indonesia or Panama?

Indonesia publishes 244.0× as much research as Panama in 2022-now (1.6M against 6.5k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Indonesia or Panama?

7.4% of Indonesia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.7% for Panama.

Is Indonesia or Panama growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +92% against 2018-21 for Panama, and +65% for Indonesia.

Which has more open access research, Indonesia or Panama?

86% of Indonesia's research is free to read, against 72% of Panama's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Indonesia or Panama?

Indonesia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Panama 0; in the top 1,000 it is 14 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Indonesia

  1. 1Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu8.9% top 10% · 29k works
  2. 2Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara8.2% top 10% · 21k works
  3. 3Institut Sains dan Teknologi Terpadu Surabaya7.0% top 10% · 5.7k works
  4. 4Universitas Patria Artha7.2% top 10% · 16k works
  5. 5Indonesia University of Education10.9% top 10% · 21k works
  6. 6State University of Padang8.1% top 10% · 22k works

Panama

  1. 1Universidad de Panamá5.7% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología9.4% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá5.0% top 10% · 451 works
  4. 4Universidad de Santander4.6% top 10% · 232 works
  5. 5Quality Leadership University Panama6.1% top 10% · 210 works
  6. 6Hospital del Niño4.4% top 10% · 245 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Indonesia

  1. 1 Dian Palupi Kusuma #10,218 worldwide 82k citations · 164 works
  2. 2 Sven Wunder #14,885 worldwide 26k citations · 307 works
  3. 3 Opan Arifudin #18,342 worldwide 4.1k citations · 70 works
  4. 4 Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum #20,874 worldwide 95k citations · 117 works
  5. 5 David Gaveau #22,682 worldwide 8.7k citations · 115 works

Panama

  1. 1 Stephen P. Hubbell #1,469 worldwide 56k citations · 353 works
  2. 2 S. Joseph Wright‬ #4,590 worldwide 58k citations · 585 works
  3. 3 Dolores R. Piperno #5,646 worldwide 16k citations · 174 works
  4. 4 Helene C. Muller‐Landau #10,654 worldwide 29k citations · 271 works
  5. 5 Richard Condit #11,184 worldwide 27k citations · 257 works