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Topic · Molecular Biology

vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches is a research topic within Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 21k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the prediction of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding affinity, epitope prediction, and immunoinformatics for vaccine design. It covers topics such as antigen presentation, HLA class I and II molecules, bioinformatics tools for epitope prediction, T-cell and B-cell epitopes, and proteasomal cleavage.

  • Peptide-MHC Binding
  • Epitope Prediction
  • Immunoinformatics
  • Vaccine Design
  • Antigen Presentation
  • HLA Class I and II
  • Bioinformatics Tools
  • T-Cell Epitopes
  • B-Cell Epitopes
  • Proteasomal Cleavage
Research works
21k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+61%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

Which countries lead vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.5k and 1.3k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.5k works
  2. 2 China 1.3k works
  3. 3 India 590 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 274 works
  5. 5 Iran 245 works
  6. 6 Germany 242 works
  7. 7 Indonesia 169 works
  8. 8 France 158 works
  9. 9 Brazil 150 works
  10. 10 Italy 149 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 32.1%China: 26.4%India: 12.4%United Kingdom: 5.7%6 others listed: 23.3%32%largest
United States1,532 · 32.1%China1,262 · 26.4%India590 · 12.4%United Kingdom274 · 5.7%6 others listed1,114 · 23.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research, followed by National Institutes of Health and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 70 works
  2. 2 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 59 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 47 works
  4. 4 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 38 works
  5. 5 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 35 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 33 works
  7. 7 Institut PasteurFrance 30 works
  8. 8 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 30 works
  9. 9 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 30 works
  10. 10 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 29 works

Who are the leading researchers in vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches?

The most-cited researchers publishing on vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches include Eric S. Lander, Yoshua Bengio and Stacey L. Gabriel.

  1. 1 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  2. 2 Yoshua Bengio Canada 476k citations
  3. 3 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  4. 4 Peer Bork Germany 396k citations
  5. 5 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  6. 6 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
  7. 7 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations
  8. 8 Shizuo Akira Japan 342k citations
  9. 9 Jun Wang China 340k citations
  10. 10 Matthias Egger Switzerland 326k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches?

The most cited paper in vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches is "Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma" (Frank Stephen Hodi et al., 2010), with 15,337 citations. Next come "Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape" (5,415) and "A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing" (4,901).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Frank Stephen Hodi et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 5 Jun 2010 15,337
2 Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape Gavin P. Dunn, Allen T. Bruce, Hiroaki Ikeda et al. · Nature Immunology 29 Oct 2002 5,415
3 A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing David Ezra Gordon et al. · Nature Open access125 authors 30 Apr 2020 4,901
4 The Dendritic Cell System and its Role in Immunogenicity Ralph M. Steinman · Annual Review of Immunology Apr 1991 4,722
5 Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum Malcolm J. Gardner et al. · Nature Open access Oct 2002 4,520
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research done?

The largest centres of vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Tehran (Iran), Shanghai (China) and London (United Kingdom). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Bethesda.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 218 works
  2. 2 TehranIran 112 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 110 works
  4. 4 LondonUnited Kingdom 83 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 72 works
  6. 6 New YorkUnited States 71 works
  7. 7 GuangzhouChina 70 works
  8. 8 CambridgeUnited States 64 works
  9. 9 BethesdaUnited States 58 works
  10. 10 MoscowRussia 57 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BethesdaUS · 58.4 works7.0×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches than the world average.

See vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches on the map

Where is the best place to study vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan and University of Oxford score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.33%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Abdul Wali Khan Univ…Technical University…Harvard UniversityUniversity of Oxford
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 79.317.2%3.6×70 +28.6%
2Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPakistan 69.328.0%15.0×8 +142.7%
3University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 66.414.8%4.4×38 +8.2%
4Technical University of DenmarkDenmark 65.717.4%3.9×12 +35.1%
5Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 62.018.0%3.2×30 +53.0%
6Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology DelhiIndia 60.721.7%46.4×12 +131.7%
7University of LausanneSwitzerland 59.430.8%3.4×9 +30.6%
8King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia 56.713.0%3.0×18 +638.0%
9Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 56.715.6%3.4×15 +16.2%
10Fudan UniversityChina 56.516.8%2.8×27 +194.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches, country by country

Is vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 61% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.022% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches0.030% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Who leads vaccine research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches research, followed by National Institutes of Health and Chinese Academy of Sciences. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.5k and 1.3k works in 2022-now).

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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