Subfield · Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Top Countries in Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Research
China ranks first in 2022–2025, out of 59 ranked countries.
Composite score: field-normalised excellence, output and total citations weighted 50 / 30 / 20, each as a percentile so no single heavy-tailed measure dominates. Floor: 100 fractional works in this field.
Ranked by research quality, 2022–2025
| # | Country | Score | Top-10% rate | Works | Citations | All time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 100.0 | 16.0% | 41k | 289k | #3 |
| 2 | United States | 83.0 | 18.5% | 23k | 182k | #1 |
| 3 | Germany | 73.1 | 18.9% | 9.2k | 68k | #2 |
| 4 | Japan | 66.0 | 12.0% | 7.9k | 44k | #6 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 60.5 | 18.5% | 4.6k | 35k | #4 |
| 6 | France | 56.1 | 14.7% | 6.4k | 39k | #5 |
| 7 | Italy | 52.3 | 18.3% | 4k | 27k | #7 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 49.0 | 25.5% | 1.7k | 19k | #8 |
| 9 | Spain | 46.1 | 17.4% | 2.8k | 19k | #11 |
| 10 | India | 43.5 | 10.6% | 7.9k | 34k | #19 |
| 11 | Canada | 41.2 | 15.8% | 2.4k | 15k | #9 |
| 12 | Singapore | 39.1 | 25.0% | 921 | 11k | #20 |
| 13 | South Korea | 37.1 | 13.5% | 2.8k | 18k | #17 |
| 14 | Netherlands | 35.3 | 22.1% | 1.3k | 13k | #10 |
| 15 | Australia | 33.6 | 19.5% | 1.6k | 13k | #12 |
| 16 | Austria | 32.0 | 22.9% | 1k | 9.2k | #14 |
| 17 | Hong Kong | 30.5 | 25.4% | 820 | 8.9k | #25 |
| 18 | ?? | 29.1 | 18.1% | 1.4k | 11k | #23 |
| 19 | Russia | 27.8 | 5.2% | 8.2k | 24k | #13 |
| 20 | Israel | 26.5 | 17.5% | 1.3k | 9.4k | #15 |
| 21 | Sweden | 25.3 | 22.0% | 1.1k | 9k | #16 |
| 22 | Poland | 24.2 | 12.8% | 1.9k | 9.7k | #21 |
| 23 | Belgium | 23.1 | 15.1% | 848 | 5.2k | #22 |
| 24 | Saudi Arabia | 22.1 | 15.9% | 753 | 5k | #37 |
| 25 | Czechia | 21.1 | 13.8% | 956 | 5.5k | #28 |
| 26 | Denmark | 20.1 | 18.1% | 707 | 5.4k | #18 |
| 27 | Taiwan | 19.2 | 8.8% | 1.4k | 6.3k | #27 |
| 28 | Brazil | 18.3 | 8.2% | 1.9k | 7.1k | #26 |
| 29 | Iran | 17.4 | 10.0% | 1.6k | 7.8k | #36 |
| 30 | Türkiye | 16.6 | 11.8% | 1.3k | 6.4k | #30 |
| 31 | Egypt | 15.8 | 16.5% | 563 | 3.8k | #41 |
| 32 | Finland | 15.0 | 18.2% | 533 | 3.9k | #24 |
| 33 | Pakistan | 14.2 | 13.9% | 617 | 3.5k | #48 |
| 34 | Mexico | 13.5 | 7.4% | 973 | 3.5k | #38 |
| 35 | Hungary | 12.8 | 15.7% | 486 | 2.8k | #29 |
| 36 | Norway | 12.1 | 18.1% | 373 | 2.4k | #35 |
| 37 | Portugal | 11.4 | 14.0% | 431 | 2.4k | #34 |
| 38 | South Africa | 10.8 | 14.9% | 283 | 1.9k | #40 |
| 39 | Chile | 10.2 | 13.1% | 368 | 1.9k | #45 |
| 40 | Ukraine | 9.5 | 4.5% | 1k | 2.2k | #32 |
| 41 | Greece | 8.9 | 11.4% | 427 | 2k | #33 |
| 42 | Morocco | 8.3 | 18.3% | 478 | 3k | #57 |
| 43 | Bangladesh | 7.8 | 13.5% | 317 | 1.7k | #55 |
| 44 | Argentina | 7.2 | 9.1% | 461 | 1.9k | #42 |
| 45 | United Arab Emirates | 6.6 | 16.4% | 204 | 1.1k | #61 |
| 46 | Romania | 6.1 | 10.5% | 372 | 1.5k | #47 |
| 47 | Ireland | 5.6 | 13.1% | 294 | 1.6k | #39 |
| 48 | Algeria | 5.1 | 8.7% | 434 | 1.6k | #53 |
| 49 | Uzbekistan | 4.6 | 12.3% | 304 | 1.1k | #54 |
| 50 | Iraq | 4.1 | 7.2% | 432 | 1.4k | #63 |
| 51 | Malaysia | 3.6 | 8.5% | 366 | 1.5k | #52 |
| 52 | Vietnam | 3.1 | 5.6% | 395 | 1.4k | #62 |
| 53 | Thailand | 2.6 | 8.5% | 215 | 756 | #58 |
| 54 | Colombia | 2.2 | 8.1% | 262 | 1.1k | #59 |
| 55 | Indonesia | 1.7 | 4.8% | 327 | 744 | #67 |
| 56 | Slovakia | 128.0 | 7.7% | 200 | 735 | #44 |
| 57 | Bulgaria | 84.6 | 6.6% | 212 | 596 | #46 |
| 58 | Armenia | 41.9 | 6.7% | 201 | 550 | #60 |
| 59 | Belarus | 0.0 | 2.3% | 233 | 391 | #56 |
countries ranked worldwide in Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics (59). rank on the composite score within the stated pool. The score track runs 0 to 100; the rate track carries no world mark, because the world rate differs by field.
How spread out this pool is
Every row above on one axis — one tick each, right is a higher score. A field where the top few are far clear of everyone and one that runs down evenly look identical as a table.
One bar per band of score, counting the rows on this page.
Ranked by volume, 2022–2025
- 1 China 41k works
- 2 United States 23k works
- 3 Germany 9.2k works
- 4 Russia 8.2k works
- 5 Japan 7.9k works
- 6 India 7.9k works
- 7 France 6.4k works
- 8 United Kingdom 4.6k works
- 9 Italy 4k works
- 10 South Korea 2.8k works
- 11 Spain 2.8k works
- 12 Canada 2.4k works