Field · Physics and Astronomy
Top Countries in Physics and Astronomy Research
China ranks first in 2022–2025, out of 79 ranked countries.
Composite score: field-normalised excellence, output and total citations weighted 50 / 30 / 20, each as a percentile so no single heavy-tailed measure dominates. Floor: 100 fractional works in this field.
Ranked by research quality, 2022–2025
| # | Country | Score | Top-10% rate | Works | Citations | All time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 100.0 | 20.7% | 100k | 710k | #3 |
| 2 | United States | 84.1 | 21.3% | 87k | 664k | #1 |
| 3 | Germany | 74.9 | 24.5% | 26k | 201k | #2 |
| 4 | United Kingdom | 68.3 | 24.9% | 18k | 147k | #5 |
| 5 | France | 63.2 | 22.1% | 21k | 162k | #4 |
| 6 | Japan | 59.0 | 17.4% | 22k | 130k | #6 |
| 7 | Italy | 55.5 | 25.3% | 18k | 133k | #7 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 52.4 | 30.2% | 5.7k | 56k | #8 |
| 9 | Spain | 49.7 | 24.8% | 10k | 78k | #11 |
| 10 | India | 47.3 | 16.7% | 26k | 123k | #16 |
| 11 | Canada | 45.1 | 22.7% | 7.8k | 57k | #9 |
| 12 | Netherlands | 43.1 | 26.9% | 4.6k | 44k | #10 |
| 13 | Australia | 41.3 | 23.0% | 5.8k | 52k | #13 |
| 14 | South Korea | 39.6 | 19.2% | 7.6k | 47k | #18 |
| 15 | Singapore | 38.0 | 23.5% | 1.7k | 17k | #22 |
| 16 | ?? | 36.5 | 22.6% | 3.5k | 29k | #23 |
| 17 | Hong Kong | 35.2 | 25.8% | 1.9k | 19k | #26 |
| 18 | Russia | 33.9 | 8.3% | 24k | 68k | #12 |
| 19 | Sweden | 32.6 | 26.4% | 3.3k | 29k | #15 |
| 20 | Austria | 31.4 | 23.2% | 2.6k | 21k | #17 |
| 21 | Israel | 30.3 | 21.1% | 3.2k | 24k | #14 |
| 22 | Poland | 29.3 | 17.2% | 5.6k | 29k | #20 |
| 23 | Denmark | 28.2 | 25.7% | 1.9k | 18k | #19 |
| 24 | Belgium | 27.3 | 23.6% | 2.8k | 20k | #21 |
| 25 | Czechia | 26.3 | 20.2% | 3.1k | 19k | #28 |
| 26 | Saudi Arabia | 25.4 | 22.2% | 2.6k | 20k | #38 |
| 27 | Taiwan | 24.6 | 15.0% | 3.3k | 19k | #25 |
| 28 | Iran | 23.7 | 16.2% | 4.9k | 27k | #31 |
| 29 | Türkiye | 22.9 | 14.2% | 5k | 24k | #30 |
| 30 | Pakistan | 22.2 | 25.8% | 2.7k | 23k | #46 |
| 31 | Brazil | 21.4 | 14.4% | 7k | 30k | #27 |
| 32 | Finland | 20.7 | 24.8% | 1.6k | 13k | #24 |
| 33 | Bangladesh | 20.0 | 24.2% | 962 | 7.5k | #51 |
| 34 | Egypt | 19.3 | 19.2% | 2k | 14k | #45 |
| 35 | Norway | 18.6 | 20.3% | 1.3k | 8.7k | #34 |
| 36 | Portugal | 18.0 | 23.7% | 1.9k | 13k | #33 |
| 37 | Hungary | 17.4 | 17.6% | 1.6k | 8.4k | #29 |
| 38 | Mexico | 16.7 | 12.9% | 3.2k | 14k | #37 |
| 39 | Greece | 16.2 | 19.8% | 1.9k | 12k | #32 |
| 40 | Morocco | 15.6 | 22.1% | 1.2k | 7.5k | #52 |
| 41 | Chile | 15.0 | 24.2% | 2k | 15k | #42 |
| 42 | South Africa | 14.5 | 21.7% | 1.7k | 12k | #43 |
| 43 | Ireland | 13.9 | 20.2% | 841 | 5.5k | #39 |
| 44 | Slovenia | 13.4 | 23.2% | 561 | 3.9k | #41 |
| 45 | Uzbekistan | 12.9 | 23.5% | 1.1k | 6.6k | #53 |
| 46 | Ukraine | 12.4 | 6.6% | 2.6k | 6.2k | #36 |
| 47 | Argentina | 11.9 | 15.4% | 1.7k | 8.1k | #40 |
| 48 | United Arab Emirates | 11.4 | 21.3% | 682 | 4.2k | #63 |
| 49 | Malaysia | 10.9 | 11.3% | 1.1k | 4.9k | #50 |
| 50 | Romania | 10.5 | 15.1% | 1.4k | 6.1k | #47 |
| 51 | Algeria | 10.0 | 10.8% | 1.2k | 4.2k | #58 |
| 52 | Cyprus | 9.6 | 32.2% | 461 | 4.3k | #61 |
| 53 | Iraq | 9.1 | 9.0% | 1.3k | 4.1k | #64 |
| 54 | New Zealand | 8.7 | 18.8% | 624 | 4k | #35 |
| 55 | Thailand | 8.3 | 16.7% | 959 | 4.4k | #60 |
| 56 | Jordan | 7.9 | 23.5% | 369 | 2.6k | #74 |
| 57 | Colombia | 7.5 | 12.0% | 789 | 3.2k | #62 |
| 58 | Tunisia | 7.1 | 10.0% | 409 | 1.6k | #65 |
| 59 | Slovakia | 6.7 | 10.9% | 872 | 3k | #44 |
| 60 | Croatia | 6.3 | 18.8% | 518 | 2.5k | #49 |
| 61 | Macau | 5.9 | 18.2% | 290 | 1.9k | #66 |
| 62 | Luxembourg | 5.5 | 24.6% | 204 | 1.6k | #72 |
| 63 | Azerbaijan | 5.2 | 22.0% | 524 | 2k | #68 |
| 64 | Indonesia | 4.8 | 6.2% | 1.6k | 2.7k | #73 |
| 65 | Vietnam | 4.5 | 11.2% | 1k | 3.4k | #67 |
| 66 | Serbia | 4.1 | 9.5% | 752 | 2.5k | #54 |
| 67 | Nigeria | 3.8 | 10.1% | 673 | 2.4k | #69 |
| 68 | Kazakhstan | 3.4 | 16.0% | 736 | 2.9k | #80 |
| 69 | Estonia | 3.1 | 28.6% | 307 | 2.9k | #55 |
| 70 | Bulgaria | 2.8 | 11.2% | 817 | 2.5k | #48 |
| 71 | Lithuania | 2.4 | 9.8% | 359 | 1.5k | #57 |
| 72 | Armenia | 2.1 | 10.7% | 585 | 1.9k | #56 |
| 73 | Cameroon | 1.8 | 12.3% | 408 | 2.4k | #86 |
| 74 | Belarus | 149.6 | 3.9% | 504 | 816 | #59 |
| 75 | Ethiopia | 118.9 | 9.7% | 280 | 818 | #88 |
| 76 | Philippines | 88.6 | 12.8% | 279 | 1.2k | #82 |
| 77 | Ecuador | 58.7 | 15.3% | 200 | 854 | #90 |
| 78 | Tajikistan | 29.2 | 6.0% | 273 | 434 | #85 |
| 79 | Georgia | 0.0 | 13.7% | 208 | 837 | #81 |
countries ranked worldwide in Physics and Astronomy (79). rank on the composite score within the stated pool. The score track runs 0 to 100; the rate track carries no world mark, because the world rate differs by field.
How spread out this pool is
Every row above on one axis — one tick each, right is a higher score. A field where the top few are far clear of everyone and one that runs down evenly look identical as a table.
One bar per band of score, counting the rows on this page.
Ranked by volume, 2022–2025
- 1 China 100k works
- 2 United States 87k works
- 3 Germany 26k works
- 4 India 26k works
- 5 Russia 24k works
- 6 Japan 22k works
- 7 France 21k works
- 8 Italy 18k works
- 9 United Kingdom 18k works
- 10 Spain 10k works
- 11 Canada 7.8k works
- 12 South Korea 7.6k works