Subfield · Surgery
Top Countries in Surgery Research
United States ranks first in 2022–2025, out of 88 ranked countries.
Composite score: field-normalised excellence, output and total citations weighted 50 / 30 / 20, each as a percentile so no single heavy-tailed measure dominates. Floor: 100 fractional works in this field.
Ranked by research quality, 2022–2025
| # | Country | Score | Top-10% rate | Works | Citations | All time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 100.0 | 13.9% | 114k | 515k | #1 |
| 2 | China | 84.5 | 19.4% | 65k | 394k | #3 |
| 3 | United Kingdom | 75.5 | 14.0% | 22k | 102k | #2 |
| 4 | Italy | 69.0 | 21.0% | 17k | 98k | #6 |
| 5 | Germany | 64.1 | 13.7% | 19k | 81k | #4 |
| 6 | France | 60.0 | 13.9% | 12k | 54k | #7 |
| 7 | Australia | 56.5 | 17.3% | 8.5k | 48k | #10 |
| 8 | Canada | 53.6 | 17.6% | 9.4k | 53k | #5 |
| 9 | Japan | 50.9 | 9.0% | 27k | 90k | #9 |
| 10 | Netherlands | 48.6 | 23.3% | 6.3k | 46k | #8 |
| 11 | Spain | 46.4 | 11.1% | 12k | 41k | #12 |
| 12 | India | 44.5 | 4.8% | 33k | 57k | #17 |
| 13 | South Korea | 42.7 | 13.9% | 13k | 58k | #15 |
| 14 | Switzerland | 41.1 | 18.5% | 5.1k | 27k | #11 |
| 15 | Denmark | 39.5 | 21.2% | 3.1k | 20k | #14 |
| 16 | Sweden | 38.1 | 22.4% | 3k | 19k | #13 |
| 17 | Poland | 36.7 | 13.7% | 4.3k | 19k | #23 |
| 18 | Brazil | 35.4 | 5.9% | 11k | 23k | #18 |
| 19 | Türkiye | 34.2 | 6.7% | 14k | 29k | #25 |
| 20 | Iran | 33.1 | 11.7% | 6.1k | 24k | #28 |
| 21 | Belgium | 32.0 | 15.7% | 3k | 15k | #16 |
| 22 | ?? | 31.0 | 14.1% | 2.8k | 14k | #24 |
| 23 | Austria | 30.0 | 16.0% | 2.4k | 12k | #19 |
| 24 | Romania | 29.0 | 19.2% | 2k | 9.6k | #36 |
| 25 | Taiwan | 28.1 | 14.3% | 4.6k | 21k | #27 |
| 26 | Portugal | 27.2 | 9.7% | 3.3k | 10k | #31 |
| 27 | Greece | 26.4 | 14.2% | 2.9k | 12k | #29 |
| 28 | Singapore | 25.6 | 15.6% | 1.9k | 9.4k | #30 |
| 29 | Saudi Arabia | 24.8 | 9.6% | 3.8k | 12k | #38 |
| 30 | Ireland | 24.0 | 13.8% | 2k | 8.1k | #26 |
| 31 | Egypt | 23.3 | 5.8% | 7.5k | 14k | #37 |
| 32 | Norway | 22.6 | 21.7% | 1.3k | 8.1k | #20 |
| 33 | Pakistan | 21.9 | 3.5% | 5.4k | 7.8k | #43 |
| 34 | Hong Kong | 21.2 | 25.7% | 874 | 6.9k | #34 |
| 35 | Israel | 20.6 | 13.6% | 2.4k | 10k | #21 |
| 36 | Russia | 20.0 | 2.7% | 8k | 12k | #35 |
| 37 | Finland | 19.4 | 21.1% | 1.1k | 8k | #22 |
| 38 | Thailand | 18.8 | 12.1% | 2.3k | 9k | #44 |
| 39 | New Zealand | 18.2 | 14.1% | 1.1k | 5.6k | #32 |
| 40 | Indonesia | 17.6 | 2.7% | 5.5k | 6.3k | #47 |
| 41 | South Africa | 17.1 | 12.0% | 1.1k | 5k | #33 |
| 42 | Mexico | 16.5 | 4.1% | 3.8k | 5.9k | #40 |
| 43 | Malaysia | 16.0 | 7.2% | 1.9k | 5.2k | #41 |
| 44 | Czechia | 15.5 | 10.3% | 1.4k | 4.9k | #39 |
| 45 | Hungary | 15.0 | 11.9% | 930 | 3.7k | #42 |
| 46 | Argentina | 14.5 | 6.2% | 1.7k | 3.4k | #46 |
| 47 | Qatar | 14.0 | 14.3% | 696 | 2.9k | #50 |
| 48 | Chile | 13.5 | 7.9% | 1.4k | 3.5k | #45 |
| 49 | Ethiopia | 13.1 | 15.0% | 934 | 4.1k | #57 |
| 50 | United Arab Emirates | 12.6 | 10.7% | 857 | 2.6k | #56 |
| 51 | Colombia | 12.2 | 4.2% | 2.2k | 3.5k | #48 |
| 52 | Nigeria | 11.8 | 4.6% | 1.4k | 3k | #51 |
| 53 | Croatia | 11.3 | 9.5% | 841 | 2.2k | #49 |
| 54 | Slovenia | 10.9 | 14.1% | 500 | 2.4k | #52 |
| 55 | Vietnam | 10.5 | 5.0% | 1.4k | 2.6k | #53 |
| 56 | Bangladesh | 10.1 | 3.4% | 1.4k | 2k | #61 |
| 57 | Ukraine | 9.7 | 2.4% | 2k | 1.9k | #60 |
| 58 | Iraq | 9.3 | 3.9% | 1.7k | 2.4k | #63 |
| 59 | Serbia | 8.9 | 7.5% | 776 | 2.1k | #54 |
| 60 | Lebanon | 8.6 | 11.4% | 630 | 2k | #58 |
| 61 | Morocco | 8.2 | 1.8% | 2.3k | 2k | #64 |
| 62 | Bulgaria | 7.8 | 5.8% | 703 | 1.5k | #55 |
| 63 | Tunisia | 7.5 | 3.8% | 1.4k | 1.9k | #62 |
| 64 | Jordan | 7.1 | 11.8% | 620 | 2.2k | #69 |
| 65 | Nepal | 6.8 | 2.6% | 1.4k | 1.9k | #71 |
| 66 | Kazakhstan | 6.4 | 8.7% | 414 | 1k | #77 |
| 67 | Ecuador | 6.1 | 2.1% | 1.2k | 877 | #74 |
| 68 | Philippines | 5.8 | 5.1% | 573 | 1k | #66 |
| 69 | Slovakia | 5.4 | 10.0% | 375 | 1.2k | #59 |
| 70 | Peru | 5.1 | 4.8% | 706 | 1.1k | #65 |
| 71 | Kuwait | 4.8 | 8.6% | 332 | 782 | #78 |
| 72 | Lithuania | 4.5 | 8.1% | 329 | 977 | #68 |
| 73 | Cyprus | 4.2 | 14.6% | 202 | 919 | #80 |
| 74 | Puerto Rico | 3.9 | 7.3% | 282 | 767 | #70 |
| 75 | Sri Lanka | 3.6 | 3.2% | 407 | 699 | #82 |
| 76 | Sudan | 3.3 | 7.6% | 231 | 467 | #92 |
| 77 | Ghana | 3.0 | 7.8% | 218 | 670 | #89 |
| 78 | Syria | 2.7 | 5.0% | 370 | 682 | #94 |
| 79 | Tanzania | 2.4 | 5.8% | 288 | 615 | #73 |
| 80 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2.1 | 6.9% | 226 | 899 | #97 |
| 81 | Oman | 1.9 | 6.3% | 252 | 515 | #87 |
| 82 | Algeria | 1.6 | 3.7% | 368 | 386 | #91 |
| 83 | Palestine | 130.7 | 6.4% | 219 | 439 | — |
| 84 | Uzbekistan | 103.9 | 1.8% | 479 | 272 | #96 |
| 85 | Belarus | 77.5 | 3.5% | 256 | 378 | #86 |
| 86 | Venezuela | 51.3 | 2.4% | 272 | 278 | #72 |
| 87 | Uruguay | 25.5 | 1.3% | 292 | 200 | #90 |
| 88 | Cuba | 0.0 | 2.3% | 215 | 154 | #76 |
countries ranked worldwide in Surgery (88). rank on the composite score within the stated pool. The score track runs 0 to 100; the rate track carries no world mark, because the world rate differs by field.
How spread out this pool is
Every row above on one axis — one tick each, right is a higher score. A field where the top few are far clear of everyone and one that runs down evenly look identical as a table.
One bar per band of score, counting the rows on this page.
Ranked by volume, 2022–2025
- 1 United States 114k works
- 2 China 65k works
- 3 India 33k works
- 4 Japan 27k works
- 5 United Kingdom 22k works
- 6 Germany 19k works
- 7 Italy 17k works
- 8 Türkiye 14k works
- 9 South Korea 13k works
- 10 Spain 12k works
- 11 France 12k works
- 12 Brazil 11k works